The math behind unexploitable poker — ranges, sizing, and frequencies.
Game Theory Optimal (GTO) poker is a strategy that cannot be profitably exploited by opponents, regardless of how they play. It works by mixing value bets and bluffs at mathematically precise frequencies — making your opponents indifferent to calling or folding.
GTO isn't always the highest-EV strategy (exploitative play beats bad players harder), but it's the safe baseline. Against unknown opponents, GTO is correct. Against known leaks, deviate.
| Position | Range % | Key Hands | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| UTG | 13-15% | AA-99, AKs-ATs, KQs, AKo-AQo | Raise or fold. No limping. |
| MP | 15-18% | + 88, AJs+, KJs, QJs, JTs | Wider than UTG, still tight. |
| CO | 25-28% | + 77-66, A9s, KTs, QTs, T9s | Start opening suited connectors. |
| BTN | 40-45% | + 55-22, A2s+, K9s+, any broadway | Steal aggressively. Wide is correct. |
| SB | 35-40% | Similar to BTN vs BB only | 3-bet or fold. Limping is -EV. |
| BB | Defend 55%+ | Defend wide vs BTN/SB steals | Pot odds mean you call more. |
No draws, no action — small bets extract value efficiently.
Many draws — deny equity. Charge opponents to chase.
Range advantage for raiser, small sizes get action.
Maximise with nuts, maximise fold equity with bluffs.
GTO bluffing isn't random — it's calibrated to your bet size so opponents are mathematically indifferent to calling.
| Bet size (% pot) | Bluff % of range | Value % of range |
|---|---|---|
| 33% | 25% | 75% |
| 50% | 33% | 67% |
| 75% | 43% | 57% |
| 100% (pot) | 50% | 50% |
PokerSnap runs 50,000 Monte Carlo simulations to give you real-time equity and GTO action advice — from any phone, no app install needed.
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